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Accounting Trends & Techniques

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The most comprehensive guide to the latest financial reporting practices

Now in its 62nd edition, Accounting Trends & Techniques is an essential resource for any CPA who frequently prepares or uses financial statements. This AICPA best-seller is filled with examples of current reporting techniques and methods used by 600 of the nation's top publicly traded companies across all major industries. Completely updated with hundreds of financial statement excerpts that reflect recent standards and pronouncements, Accounting Trends & Techniques gives you the information you need to navigate the reporting complexities within GAAP and apply current best practices, including

  • Narratives describing the financial statement reporting requirements--including the related authoritative sources--for which illustrative excerpts are provided
  • Informative statistical data that indicate the latest trends in presentation techniques, such as the most commonly used financial statement captions
  • An easy-to-use format that provides answers by example. 
  • An accounting and auditing pronouncements and standards index as well as an exhaustive subject appendix
  • Introductory discussion of International Financial Reporting Standards (IFRS), including an overview of the status of global convergence
Invaluable for thousands of CPAs year after year, Accounting Trends & Techniques is your ideal resource for applying new and existing accounting and reporting guidance. The illustrative reporting and disclosure excerpts represent presentation practices already subjected to the audit requirements mandated by the Public Company Accounting Oversight Board (PCAOB).

Table of Contents

  • Section 1 - General
    • Companies Selected for Survey
    • Information Required by Rule 14a-3 to Be Included in Annual Reports to Stockholders
      • Quarterly Financial Data
      • Selected Information for Five Years
      • Management's Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations
      • Forward-Looking Information Excerpt
      • Liquidity and Capital Resources Excerpt
      • New Accounting Standards Excerpt
      • Market Risk Information Excerpt
      • Critical Accounting Policies and Estimates Excerpt
    • Segment Information
    • Natural Business Year
      • Change in Date of Fiscal Year End
      • Definition of Fiscal Year
    • Comparative Financial Statements
    • Rounding of Amounts
    • Notes to Financial Statements
    • Disclosure of Accounting Policies
    • Accounting Changes
      • Income Tax Uncertainties
      • Defined Benefit Pension and Postretirement Plans
      • Stock-Based Compensation
      • Prior Period Financial Statement Misstatements
      • Inventories
      • Fair Value Measurements
    • Consolidation Policies
    • Business Combinations
      • Purchase Method
      • Formation of Jointly Owned Companies
    • Contingencies
    • Loss Contingencies
      • Litigation
      • Environmental Matters
      • Possible Tax Assessments
      • Insurance Coverage/Self-Insurance
      • Governmental Investigations
      • Product Labeling
    • Gain Contingencies
      • Plaintiff Litigation
      • Potential Tax Refund
    • Risks and Uncertainties
      • Nature of Operations
      • Use of Estimates
      • Significant Estimates
      • Vulnerability Due to Certain Concentrations
    • Commitments
      • Debt Covenant Restrictions
      • Purchase Agreements
      • Capital Expenditures
      • Additional Payments Related to Acquisitions
      • Financing/Support Agreement
      • Marketing Agreement
      • Employment Contracts
      • Licensing Agreement
    • Financial Instruments
      • Derivative Financial Instruments
      • Off-Balance-Sheet Financial Instruments
        • Financial Guarantees/Indemnifications
        • Letters of Credit
        • Sale of Receivables With Recourse
      • Disclosures of Fair Value
      • Concentrations of Credit Risk
    • Subsequent Events
      • Business Combinations
      • Debt Incurred, Reduced, or Refinanced
      • Discontinued Operations or Asset Disposals
      • Capital Stock Issued or Purchased
      • Litigation
      • Restructuring/Bankruptcy
      • Employee Benefits
      • Stock Splits/Dividends
      • Casualty Loss
    • Related Party Transactions
      • Sale of Receivables to Subsidiary
      • Transaction Between Reporting Entity and Investee
      • Transaction Between Reporting Entity and Major Stockholder
      • Transaction Between Reporting Entity and Officer/Director
      • Transaction Between Reporting Entity and Variable Interest Entity
      • Consolidated Tax Return
      • Tax Sharing Agreement
    • Inflation Accounting
  • Section 2 -Balance Sheet
    • Balance Sheet Title
    • Balance Sheet Format
      • Reclassifications
    • Cash and Cash Equivalents
    • Marketable Securities
      • Available-for-Sale Securities
      • Held-to-Maturity Securities
      • Trading Securities
    • Current Receivables
      • Receivables Other Than Trade Receivables
        • Tax Refund Claims
        • Receivables From Affiliates
        • Contracts
        • Finance Receivables
        • Retained Interest in Sold Receivables
        • Insurance Claims
        • Vendors/Suppliers
        • Sale of Assets
      • Receivables Sold or Collateralized
        • Receivables Sold With Recourse
        • Receivables Sold With Limited Recourse
        • Receivables Sold Without Recourse
        • Receivables Used as Collateral
      • Allowance for Doubtful Accounts
    • Inventories
      • First-In First-Out
      • Last-In First-Out
      • Average Cost
      • Accumulated Cost
    • Prepaid Expenses
    • Other Current Assets
      • Deferred Taxes
      • Property Held for Sale
      • Derivatives
      • Unbilled Costs
      • Advances/Deposits
    • Property, Plant, and Equipment
    • Investments
      • Equity Method
      • Fair Value
      • Cost
    • Noncurrent Receivables
    • Intangible Assets
      • Goodwill
      • Trademarks
      • Customer Lists/Relationships
      • Technology
      • Patents
      • Licenses and Franchises
      • Covenants Not To Compete
      • Contracts
    • Other Noncurrent Assets
      • Deferred Income Taxes
      • Pension Asset
      • Software Development Costs
      • Debt Issue Costs
      • Segregated Funds
      • Property Held for Sale
      • Derivatives
      • Cash Value of Life Insurance
      • Contracts
      • Assets of Nonhomogeneous Operations
      • Estimated Insurance Recoveries
      • In-Store Displays
    • Current Liabilities
      • Short-Term Debt
      • Trade Accounts Payable
      • Employee-Related Liabilities
      • Income Tax Liability
      • Current Amount of Long-Term Debt
      • Other Current Liabilities
        • Deferred Revenue
        • Costs Related to Discontinued Operations/Restructuring
        • Interest
        • Taxes Other Than Federal Income Taxes
        • Product Warranties
        • Deferred Taxes
        • Insurance
        • Derivatives
        • Dividends
        • Advertising
        • Environmental Costs
        • Advances/Deposits
        • Litigation
        • Rebates
        • Billings in Excess of Uncompleted Contract Costs
        • Asset Retirement Obligations
    • Long-Term Debt
      • Unsecured
      • Collateralized
      • Convertible
      • Debt Covenant Violation
    • Credit Agreements
    • Long-Term Leases
      • Lessee—Capital Leases
      • Lessee—Operating Leases
      • Lessor Leases
    • Other Noncurrent Liabilities
      • Deferred Income Taxes
      • Minority Interest
      • Tax Uncertainties
      • Derivatives
      • Preferred Stock
      • Employee-Related Liabilities
      • Environmental Costs
      • Discontinued Operations
      • Insurance
      • Asset Retirement Obligations
      • Litigation
      • Warranties
      • Deferred Credits
    • Reserves—Use of the Term "Reserve"
    • Title of Stockholders' Equity Section
    • Capital Structures
    • Common Stock
    • Preferred Stock
      • Preferred Stock Extended at Par Value
      • Preferred Stock Extended at Liquidating Value
      • Preferred Stock Extended at Redemption Value
      • Preferred Stock Extended at Fair Value
    • Additional Paid-In Capital
    • Retained Earnings
    • Accumulated Other Comprehensive Income
      • Notes to Financial Statements
      • Statement of Changes in Stockholders' Equity
      • Equity Section of Balance Sheet
    • Treasury Stock
      • Cost of Treasury Stock Shown as Reduction of Stockholders' Equity
      • Par Value of Treasury Stock Deducted From Issued Stock
    • Other Accounts Shown in Stockholders' Equity Section
      • Unearned Compensation Relating to Stock Award Plans
      • Common Stock Warrants
      • Guarantees of ESOP Debt
      • Employee Benefit Trust
      • Receivables From Sale of Stock
      • Stock Purchase Rights
  • Section 3 -Income Statement
    • Income Statement Title
    • Income Statement Format
      • Reclassification
    • Revenues and Gains
      • Revenues
      • Gains
        • Interest
        • Sale of Assets
        • Equity in Earnings of Investee
        • Foreign Currency Transactions
        • Change in Fair Value of Derivatives
        • Dividends
        • Liability Accruals Reduced
        • Royalty, Franchise and License Fees
        • Insurance Recoveries
        • Litigation Settlements
        • Rentals
        • Minority Interest in Investee Loss
        • Employee Benefit/Pension Related
        • Debt Extinguishment
    • Expenses and Losses
      • Expenses
        • Cost of Goods Sold
        • Interest and Penalty on Income Taxes
        • Research and Development
        • Advertising
        • Warranty
        • Provision for Doubtful Accounts
        • Shipping
      • Losses
        • Intangible Asset Amortization
        • Restructuring of Operations
        • Write-Down of Assets
        • Change in Fair Value of Derivatives
        • Impairment of Intangibles
        • Foreign Currency Transactions
        • Sale of Assets
        • Debt Extinguishment
        • Litigation Settlement
        • Minority Interest
        • Equity in Losses of Investee
        • Environmental Clean-Up
        • Sale of Receivables
        • Purchased R&D
        • Merger Costs
        • Fair Value Adjustments
    • Pensions and Other Postretirement Benefits
      • Defined Benefit Plans
      • Defined Contribution Plans
      • Supplemental Retirement Plans
      • Multiemployer Plans
      • Amendment of Plan
      • Termination
    • Postemployment Benefits
    • Employee Compensatory Plans
      • Stock Option Plans
      • Stock Award Plans
      • Savings/Investment Plans
      • Stock Purchase Plans
      • Deferred Compensation Plans
      • Employee Stock Ownership Plans
      • Profit Sharing Plans
      • Incentive Compensation Plans
      • Phantom Stock
    • Depreciation Expense
      • Straight-Line Method
      • Accelerated Methods
      • Units-of-Production Method
      • Composite Method
      • Depletion
    • Income Taxes
      • Presentation of Income Taxes
        • Expense Provision
        • Credit Provision
      • Operating Loss and Tax Credit Carryforwards
      • Taxes on Undistributed Earnings
    • Long-Term Contracts
    • Discontinued Operations
      • Business Component Disposals
      • Adjustment of Gain/Loss Reported in Prior Period
    • Charges or Credits Shown After Income Tax Caption
    • Extraordinary Items
      • Expropriation
    • Earnings Per Share
  • Section 4 - Comprehensive Income
    • Presentation in Annual Report
      • Included in Statement of Changes in Stockholders' Equity
      • Separate Statement of Comprehensive Income
      • Combined Statement of Net Income and Comprehensive Income
    • Tax Effect Disclosure
    • Components of Other Comprehensive Income
      • Cumulative Translation Adjustments
      • Defined Benefit Postretirement Plan Adjustments
      • Changes in Fair Value of Derivatives
      • Unrealized Losses/Gains on Certain Investments
      • Reclassification Adjustments
  • Section 5 - Stockholders' Equity
    • General
    • Retained Earnings
      • Presentation of Changes in Retained Earnings
      • Dividends
        • Cash Dividends
        • Dividends-in-Kind
        • Stock Purchase Rights
      • Adjustments to Opening Balance of Retained Earnings
        • Change in Accounting Principle
        • Prior Period Adjustment
      • Other Changes in Retained Earnings
        • Treasury Stock Transactions
        • Tax Benefit From ESOP Dividends
        • Beneficial Conversion Feature of Convertible Preferred Stock
    • Additional Paid-In Capital
      • Presentation of Changes in Additional Paid-In Capital
      • Stock Splits
      • Changes in Additional Paid-In Capital
        • Common Stock Issued in Connection With Employee Benefit Plans
        • Public Offering
        • Business Combination
        • Debt Conversion
        • Preferred Stock Conversion
        • Compensation Recognized
        • Stock Compensation Tax Benefit
        • Warrants Sold
        • Treasury Stock Purchased
        • Restricted Stock
        • Treasury Stock Issued
        • Capped Call
    • Other Components of Stockholders' Equity
      • Unearned Compensation Expense
      • Employee Stock Ownership Plan
      • Stock Subscriptions Receivable
      • Warrants
  • Chapter 6 - Statement of Cash Flows
    • General
    • Presentation in Annual Report
    • Cash Flows From Operating Activities
      • Direct Method
      • Indirect/Reconciliation Method
      • Adjustments to Reconcile Net Income to Operating Cash Flows
        • Employee Related Costs
        • Sale of Assets Other Than Property
        • Sale of Property
        • Tax Benefit From Share-Based Compensation Plans
        • Equity Earnings/(Loss)
        • Provision for Bad Debt
        • Intangible Asset Amortization
        • Restructuring Charges
        • Changes in Assets and Liabilities
      • Interest and Income Tax Payments
    • Cash Flows From Investing Activities
      • Property Acquisitions/Disposals
      • Investments
      • Business Combinations
      • Sale of Discontinued Operations
      • Notes Receivable
      • Capitalized Software
      • Restricted Cash
      • Insurance Proceeds
    • Cash Flows From Financing Activities
      • Debt Proceeds/Repayments
      • Capital Stock Proceeds/Payments
      • Exercise of Stock Options and Related Tax Effect
      • Dividends Paid
      • Debt Issuance Costs
      • Lease Obligation Payments
    • Foreign Currency Cash Flows
    • Noncash Activities
    • Cash and Cash Equivalents
  • Chapter 7 - Independent Auditors' Report
    • Presentation in Annual Report
    • Title
    • Addressee
    • Auditors' Standard Report
      • Statement of Comprehensive Income
      • Statement of Operations and Comprehensive Income
      • Statement of Changes in Shareholders' Equity
    • Auditors' Standard Report of a Public Company
    • Reference to Report of Other Auditors
    • Uncertainties
    • Lack of Consistency
      • Employee Benefits
      • Stock-Based Compensation
      • Income Tax Uncertainties
      • Financial Statement Misstatements
      • Inventories
    • Emphasis of a Matter
    • Departures From Unqualified Opinions
    • Reports on Comparative Financial Statements
    • Opinion Expressed on Supplementary Financial Information
    • Dating of Report
    • Auditors' Report on Internal Control Over Financial Reporting
      • Separate Report on Internal Control
      • Combined Report on Financial Statements and Internal Control
    • General Management and Special Purpose Committee Reports
      • Report of Management on Financial Statements
      • Audit Committee Report
      • Compensation Committee Report
  • Appendix/Indexes
    • Appendix of 600 Companies
    • Pronouncement Index
    • Subject Index

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Excerpts

Accounting Trends & Techniques—2008, is a compilation of reporting and disclosure data obtained from a survey of the annual reports to stockholders of 600 publicly traded companies. This AICPA publication is produced for the purpose of providing accounting professionals with an invaluable resource for incorporating new and existing accounting and reporting guidance into financial statements using presentation techniques adopted by some of the most recognized companies headquartered in the United States. The annual reports surveyed were those of selected industrial, merchandising, technology, and service companies for fiscal periods ending between February 2007 and January 2008.

Significant accounting trends, as revealed by a comparison of current survey findings with those of prior years, are highlighted in numerous comparative tabulations throughout this publication. These tables show trends in such diverse accounting matters as financial statement format and terminology and the accounting treatment of transactions and events reflected in the financial statements.

Accounting techniques are illustrated by excerpts from the annual reports of the survey companies and represent various presentation practices already subjected to the audit requirements mandated by the Public Company Accounting Oversight Board (PCAOB). Furthermore, the excerpts selected for inclusion were subjected to an evaluation process and found to be particularly relevant and useful to financial statement preparers. Every edition of Accounting Trends & Techniques has all new annual report excerpts so the readers are provided only current financial statement preparation techniques.

Recently issued technical guidance for which this edition supplies illustrative annual report excerpts include SFAS No. 159, The Fair Value Option for Financial Assets and Financial Liabilities—Including an Amendment of FASB Statement No. 115, SFAS No. 157, Fair Value Measurements, and FIN 48, Accounting for Uncertainty in Income Taxes—an interpretation of FASB Statement No. 109. Readers should be aware that the effective dates of recently released technical guidance affect the timing of its inclusion in the financial statements of the survey companies, which, in turn, affects the timing of the resulting illustrative excerpts available for potential inclusion in Accounting Trends & Techniques.

Indexes in this edition include the "Appendix of 600 Companies," which alphabetically lists each of the 600 survey companies included in the current edition, as well as where in the text excerpts from their annual reports can be found; the "Pronouncement Index," which provides for easy cross-referencing of pronouncements to the applicable descriptive narratives preceding the various statistical tables and annual report excerpts; and the "Subject Index," which is fully cross-referenced to all significant topics included throughout the text sections.

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